On June 11th 2024, almost a year after the first (winter 2023) plant survey, Dr. David Tucker and Dr. Gab Lebbink undertook the second botanical survey on site – using three established transects that crossed the passive regeneration artwork site, and one end of the newly named wetland artwork site.  The vegetation types had now shifted from a recently mowed winter site back in 2023 (following a dry season and pre-burn) to a now actively regenerating area after extensive rain – which had also long recovered from its winter 2023 burning.

We surveyed the site along the three prior transects – with each of the 5 sites along each transect marked by a ground peg installed in 2023.

An ecologists’ quadrat (1x 1m) was laid at each pegged point (see diagram above) and estimates of ground cover (% ) and lists of species recorded. As before the agreement on the floristic content was negotiated through  a wonderful, gentle dialogue between the two ecologists – a soundtrack I again recorded a part of for use in a future artwork – just as I had used it the artwork Analog Intelligence. Next  a 5x5m square, originating from that quadrat point at each peg was surveyed for tree growth – with species names, counts and heights recorded. These figures therefore gave us an estimate across the entire site of vegetation type, quality and mix.

As a result, the plots were each quite dense and broadly speaking the number of trees had generally grown well (although some had been lost in the 2023 burn, the very wet summer – or possibly were also hidden in the long grasses and forbs).

In due course, the results of the survey will be collated and compared – which will tell us about the practical progression of the project’s science/ecological meta-aims – i.e. to regrow a native forest from a cleared block – whilst allowing the natural intelligence  of the forest and all its constituent species to direct that progress, and with minimal intervention.

Comparative Surveys 

Here is how the site had progressed ny 11/6/24  (or regressed in some cases since the initial survey – which was followed by a burn). There had certainly been some significant changes with some problematic weeds decreased ) e.g. Paspalum urvillei – and at that stage the field still had end of the epic native Fimbristylis spp. crop!

Life Form Key (Perrenial/Annual P/A     Graminoid/Forb G/F.   Shrub/Climber S/C)
#	Species	Provenance	Life Form	1707 23	1106 24
1	Cynodon dactylon	Exotic	PG	Y	Y
2	Digitaria spp.	Exotic	PG	Y (*1)	Y
3	Centella asiatica	Native	PF	Y	Y
4	Hypochaeris radiata	Exotic	PF	Y	Y
5	Imperata cylindrica	Native	PG	Y	Y
6	Fimbristylis spp.		PG	Y	N
7	Ageratum houstonianum	Exotic	PF	Y	Y
8	Sporobolus spp creber	Native	PG	Y	Y
9	Bidens pilosa	Exotic	AF	Y	Y
10	Polygala paniculata	Exotic	AF	Y	Y
11	Eragrostis brownii	Native	PG	Y	Y
12	Arundinella nepalensis	Native	PG	Y	Y
13	Alloteropsis semialata	Native	PG	Y	N
14	Lobelia purpurascens	Native	PF	Y	Y
15	Sonchus oleraceus	Exotic	AF	Y	Y
16	Paspalum notatum	Exotic	PG	Y	Y
17	Eremochloa bimaculata	Native	PG	Y	Y
18	Wahlenbergia gracilis	Native	AF	Y	N
19	Epaltes australis	Native	PF	Y	N
20	Schenkia australis	Native	AF	Y	N
21	Melinis repens	Exotic	PG	Y	Y
22	Velleia spathulata	Native	PF	Y	Y
23	Polygala spp	Native		Y	N
24	Phyllanthus virgatus	Native	AF	Y	Y
25	Cheilanthes sieberi	Native	PF	Y	Y
26	Paspalum urvillei	Exotic	PG	Y	N *2
27	Apiaceae spp	Exotic	PF	Y*3	Y
28	Cymbopogon refractus	Native	PG	Y	Y
29	Phyllanthus spp big			Y	N
30	Lantana camara	Exotic	S	Y	Y
31	Dianella caerulea	Native	PG	Y	Y
32	Parsonsia straminea	Native	C	Y	Y
33	Passiflora suberosa	Exotic	C	Y	N
34	Senna pendula	Exotic	S	Y	Y
35	Lomandra multiflora	Native	PG	Y	N
36	Drosera spathulata	Native	AF	Y	Y
37	Aristida queenslandicum	Native	PG	Y	N
38	Leucopogon juniperinus	Native	S	Y	N
39	Gomphrena celesoides	Exotic	PF	Y	N
40	Setaria sphacelata	Exotic	PG	N	Y
41	Sauropus hirtellus	Native	PF	N	Y
42	Scleria sp.	Native	PG	N	Y
43	Schoenus sp.	Native	PG	N	Y
44	Cyanthillium cinereum	Native	PF	N	Y
45	Cyperus sp.		PG	N	Y
46	Desmodium sp.	Native	PF	N	Y
47	Hypericum gramineum			N	Y*4
48	Panicum repens	Exotic	PG	N/Y	Y*5

Notes
*1 Awaiting seed head to confirm and id to species. Maybe D. violascens

*2 Was originally Big weed paspalum (2023)

*3 Maybe Ranunculus inundates

*4 Needs further identification

*5 Needs further identification; identified in 2023 as Cynodon dactylon in wetland area

Advanced Artwork Burn Site Soil Sampling Stages:

After our initial forays into the micro-biology of the soils at the artwork site, Dr. Eleanor Velasquez and I returned to A/Prof Carrie Fisher’s lab to delve further into the investigation of the health of pupureocillium bacteria. This lab investigation marked the culminating stages of  A /Prof Hauxwell-led study into the effects of the burning we had done in 2023 – and how it had affected soil bacteria under the burnt areas (the area we were now calling the wet gulley or wetland). This marked the end stages of the 2nd stage of what will now be a long-term study into the effects of burning on particular soil health indicators.

This therefore was  time to really begin to understand  what bacteria morphotypes had been identified and isolated from the soil samples across the site’s 13 transects (a feature which I also added to the loosely representational animation I was creating for ISEA 2024,  as a series of stylised, subsoil ‘pots’ – see screenshot below).

Whilst this visit therefore allowed us to view the outcomes in the flesh, a couple of weeks later we were also able to listen to students present their analysis of the fungal strands that they had being attempting to identify, culture, re-test and analyse from the site – as shown in the following images:

Presenting the Results of the Fungal Analysis

Results of the effects of the burn on the artwork during were subsequently  presented at a student poster session to Faculty staff (with Dr. Eleanor Velasquez and myself present as guests). Dense information was presented via digital posters on large screen TVs in order to communicate outcomes – mostly in a language suited to fellow scientists. These presentations predominantly focussed on the differences between samples at the transects – i.e. whether the fungal activity differed significantly deep inside, towards the edge or on the outer of the transects (running across the artwork burnt gulley site).

Given the number of variables – and the time the survey had been done after the burn (several months) – some student results were arguably less clear cut than perhaps we might have expected – but most showed some indications that the fungal diversity had suffered initially towards the centre of the  burn site – with the assumption that it would return strongly into the future.

A Further Morphotype Workshop

Around that time Eleanor and I were also invited to participate in another ‘microbiology 101’ workshop – which we attended with interest given its hands on possibility and our need to increase our understanding of the processes involved in culturing and analyse. At this lab (led by A/Prof Hauxwell and initiated by Prof Jenn Firn (another prior collaborator from my prior Carbon_Dating project).

During this session we counted professionally pre-prepared morphotypes (a morphotype refers to the ability of certain fungi to switch between different growth forms) from agar plates with isolates  (a specific strain or individual fungal soil organism that has been separated or cultured from its natural environment). This is the sort of class that’s run by the science faculty to first years a taste of biology and ecology.

The session allowed us to investigate a full set of clean, cultured reference specimens from 2 years of sampling at another local site,  plus some fresh soil samples plated out for us. We then did some basic quantitative assessment of morphotypes using a guide provided – which would allow then heat mapping (two-dimensional tables of numbers as shades of colours – a popular plotting technique in biology, used to depict multivariate data) and the derivation of a  Simpsons diversity index (a measure of diversity which takes into account the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species).

Developing a Timelapse of Fungal Growth

One of A/Prof Masters students Edward Bryans, assisted by Genevieve Dickson very kindly agreed to setup a time-lapse for us so we could see the development of these bacteria across time.

Time lapses are a bit of a staple of science shows, but trying to make your own is a totally different thing  as it becomes an ’embodied’ experience. If you watch someone’s else’s – you don’t really know how long it took – but making it yourself, you have the experience of the actual bacteria that you’ve sighted – that can ultimately become compressed into those 30 seconds. You share life with that thing that you’ve been photographing, and by embodying it, it becomes a totally different way of experiencing and understanding the world that more than human is a part of.

Edward and his colleague Genevieve built a simple system in an airflow protected cabinet in their lab using a 35mm camera with protective coverings – so that we could monitor the bacteria in action. The process turned out to be quite a fiddle – with the heat of the lights drying out the fungal plates and restricting growth – so it’s an ongoing project!

This is the first outcome – showing the purpureocillium and a rather more aesthetic contamination yeast moving in unexpectedly! More to come as Edward and Genevieve work out an improved method to get a larger more impressive growth 🙂